Organochlorine chemicals may contribute to an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) within nonoccupationallyexposed populations. Among these chemicals, dioxins and furans were mainly released bymunicipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) until a recent past in France, a source of exposure that is of publicconcern. We investigated organochlorines and the risk of NHL among neighbors of a French MSWI with highlevels of dioxin emissions (Besançon, France), using serum concentrations to assess exposure. The study areaconsisted of three electoral wards, containing or surrounding the MSWI. Pesticides, dioxins, furans, andpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in the serum of 34 newly diagnosed NHL cases (2003–2005) and 34 controls. Risks of NHL associated with each lipid-corrected serum concentration were estimatedusing exact logistic regression. The pesticides β-hexachlorocyclohexane (odds ratio [OR]=1.05, 95%confidence interval [CI]=1.00–1.12, per 10 ng/g lipid) and p,p' dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)(OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.01-1.45, per 10 ng/g lipid) were associated with NHL risk. Evidence indicated anincreased NHL risk associated with cumulative WHO1998-toxic equivalency factor (TEQ) concentrations(dioxins, OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.03–1.26; furans, OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03–1.35; dioxin-like PCBs, OR=1.04,95% CI=1.00–1.07; and total TEQ, OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01–1.05), as well as with non dioxin-like PCBs(OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01–1.05, per 10 ng/g lipid). Most congener-specific associations were statisticallysignificant. This study provides strong and consistent support for an association between serum cumulativeWHO1998-TEQ concentrations, at levels experienced by people residing in the vicinity of a polluting MSWI, andrisk of NHL.
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